A small gland that wraps around the windpipe, the thyroid secretes hormones that regulate metabolism, which is the body’s process of creating energy from calories (food) and oxygen (air). Most dysfunction of the thyroid occurs with over or under production of hormones. Taking too much or too little iodine—found in seafood, dairy products and iodized salt—can lead to disorders. It’s also recommended to consume adequate selenium, a trace mineral in wheat germ, chicken, fish, red meat and sunflower seeds. Thyroid disorders are diagnosed based on symptoms (palpitations, rapid heart rate, fatigue, excessive sweat, memory loss, weight changes, swelling of the neck and others) as well as an exam and blood tests. Stress and pregnancy can trigger temporary thyroid problems. Radioactive iodine is sometimes used to destroy some of thyroid cells in hyperthyroidism, and those patients will eventually need thyroid replacement therapy. Avoiding processed foods and daily stress can prevent thyroid disorders and manage symptoms.
